| Bodily pains and pleasures are the source of many passions, both when felt and considered by the mind; but arise originally in the soul, or in the body, whichever you please to call it, without any preceding thought or perception. |
| A fit of the gout produces a long train of passions, as grief, hope, fear; but is not derived immediately from any affection or idea. |
| The reflective impressions may be divided into two kinds, viz. the calm and the VIOLENT. |
| Of the first kind is the sense of beauty and deformity in action, composition, and external objects. |
| Of the second are the passions of love and hatred, grief and joy, pride and humility. |
| This division is far from being exact. |
| The raptures of poetry and music frequently rise to the greatest height; while those other impressions, properly called PASSIONS, may decay into so soft an emotion, as to become, in a manner, imperceptible. |
| But as in general the passions are more violent than the emotions arising from beauty and deformity, these impressions have been commonly distinguished from each other. |
| The subject of the human mind being so copious and various, I shall here take advantage of this vulgar and spacious division, that I may proceed with the greater order; and having said ali I thought necessary concerning our ideas, shall now explain those violent emotions or passions, their nature, origin, causes, and effects. |
| When we take a survey of the passions, there occurs a division of them into DIRECT and INDIRECT. |
| By direct passions I understand such as arise immediately from good or evil, from pain or pleasure. |
| By indirect such as proceed from the same principles, but by the conjunction of other qualities. |
| This distinction I cannot at present justify or explain any farther. |
| I can only observe in general, that under the indirect passions I comprehend pride, humility, ambition, vanity, love, hatred, envy, pity, malice, generosity, with their dependants. |
| And under the direct passions, desire, aversion, grief, joy, hope, fear, despair and security. |
| I shall begin with the former. |
| SECT. II OF PRIDE AND HUMILITY, THEIR OBJECTS AND CAUSES |
| The passions of PRIDE and HUMILITY being simple and uniform impressions, it is impossible we can ever, by a multitude of words, give a just definition of them, or indeed of any of the passions. |
| The utmost we can pretend to is a description of them, by an enumeration of such circumstances, as attend them: But as these words, PRIDE and humility, are of general use, and the impressions they represent the most common of any, every one, of himself, will be able to form a just idea of them, without any danger of mistake. |
| For which reason, not to lose time upon preliminaries, I shall immediately enter upon the examination of these passions. |
| It is evident, that pride and humility, though directly contrary, have yet the same OBJECT. |