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Cliquer sur les phrases pour les voir dans leur contexte. Les textes de Immanuel Kant et David Hume sont disponibles auprès du Projet Gutenberg.

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The very essence of virtue, according to this hypothesis, is to produce pleasure and that of vice to give pain.

 Why we annex the idea of virtue to justice, and of vice to injustice. If you assent, therefore, to this last proposition, and assert, that justice and injustice are not susceptible of degrees, you in effect assert, that they are not naturally either vicious or virtuous; since vice and virtue, moral good and evil, and indeed all natural qualities, run insensibly into each other, and are, on many occasions, undistinguishable. But if we are called upon to explain what we mean by substance, and wish to avoid the vice of reasoning in a circle, the answer is by no means so easy. Ideas always represent their objects or impressions; and vice versa, there are some objects necessary to give rise to every idea. Now, as a like uncertainty and variety of causes take place, even in natural objects, and produce a like error in our judgment, if that tendency to produce error were the very essence of vice and immorality, it should follow, that even inanimate objects might be vicious and immoral. SO I THINK THEY ARE JUST TRYING TO MAKE SURE YOU ARE SOMEONE WHOS INTO THIS STUFF..NOT SOMEONE WHO WANTS TO BUST THEM.  The next question is, Of what nature are these impressions, and after what manner do they operate upon us? Here we cannot remain long in suspense, but must pronounce the impression arising from virtue, to be agreeable, and that proceding from vice to be uneasy.  PART I OF VIRTUE AND VICE IN GENERAL