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Cliquer sur les phrases pour les voir dans leur contexte. Les textes de Immanuel Kant et David Hume sont disponibles auprès du Projet Gutenberg.

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For whatever may be the case, with regard to all kinds of vice and virtue, it is certain, that rights, and obligations, and property, admit of no such insensible gradation, but that a man either has a full and perfect property, or none at all; and is either entirely obliged to perform any action, or lies under no manner of obligation.

 Those who affirm that virtue is nothing but a conformity to reason; that there are eternal fitnesses and unfitnesses of things, which are the same to every rational being that considers them; that the immutable measures of right and wrong impose an obligation, not only on human creatures, but also on the Deity himself: All these systems concur in the opinion, that morality, like truth, is discerned merely by ideas, and by their juxta-position and comparison. But as authors do not commonly use this precaution, I shall presume to recommend it to the readers; and am persuaded, that this small attention would subvert all the vulgar systems of morality, and let us see, that the distinction of vice and virtue is not founded merely on the relations of objects, nor is perceived by reason. SECT. V SOME FARTHER REFLECTIONS CONCERNING THE NATURAL VIRTUES In another sense of the word; as no principle of the human mind is more natural than a sense of virtue; so no virtue is more natural than justice. The first is the conjunction of a particular state with another preceding it in the world of sense, the former following the latter by virtue of a law. SECT. I OF THE ORIGIN OF THE NATURAL VIRTUES AND VICES As to the good or ill desert of virtue or vice, it is an evident consequence of the sentiments of pleasure or uneasiness.